AREO BAOS Congress 2025

Recent advancements in understanding and treating sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) have drawn significant public and healthcare interest due to its widespread impact on cardiovascular, psychiatric, and cognitive health. With nearly half of the U.S. adult population affected, there's a critical need for effective treatments. Two primary treatment options are the Surgery First orthodontic-surgical maxillomandibular advancement and mandibular advancement devices. The decision-making process is influenced by the severity of the condition, phenotypic characteristics, and the patient's willingness to accept and adhere to proposed treatments. Orthodontists are thus frequently tasked with guiding and assisting patients in making informed treatment choices concerning their condition. This presentation aims to navigate these decisions through existing evidence and nearly three decades of clinical experience in treating sleep apnea within a private clinic context.

Learning objectives:
After this course, attendees will be able to comprehensively understand Sleep Disordered Breathing and its impacts on health, recognizing the need for prompt, effective treatment.

After this course, attendees will be able to examine the nuances, indications, and outcomes of the primary treatment options for SDB and understand their roles, benefits, and limitations.

After this course, attendees can develop insights into the orthodontist-patient decision-making process, learning to provide evidence-based guidance and support informed treatment choices.

Takeaway message:
Sleep-disordered breathing is a complex condition with wide-ranging health impacts, necessitating informed and multidisciplinary treatment approaches.
 

Round Table Coordinator: 
Moschos A. Papadopoulos, 
Professor, Head of the Department & Programme Director
Speakers:
Athina Chatzigianni, Assistant Professor
Theodora Fanaropoulou, Postgraduate student
Eleni Kalimeri, Postgraduate student
Christina Kanareli, Postgraduate student
Crystalla Kyprianou, Postgraduate student
Eliza Panagiotidou, Postgraduate student
Christina Sekertzi, Postgraduate student

Topics
Moschos A. Papadopoulos
Basic principles of the cooperation between Orthodontics and Orthognathic Surgery 
Athina Chatzigianni
Efficient surgical treatment planning of orthognathic cases
Postgraduate Students
Cases treated at the Postgraduate Clinic of the Dept. of Orthodontics in cooperation with the Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Papanikolaou University Hospital of Thessaloniki

Growth and development of the face and jaws is a continuous process from birth to puberty, which ceases in adulthood. During orthodontic treatment the application of orthopedic devices can control abnormal craniofacial growth in most cases, when patient’s bone maturation is not completed. However, in certain conditions, excessive skeletal deviations may lead to the need of orthognathic surgical intervention to establish normal occlusion and function. 
In such cases, the orthodontic diagnosis and treatment of occlusal dysfunctions, dentofacial anomalies and skeletal discrepancies in adults may be a challenging task depending on the etiology, the severity of the problem and the individual variation of the patient. Severe skeletal malocclusions cause occlusal and functional impairments, while facial aesthetics is compromised.
The aim of this round table is to present the combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgery management of adult patients with skeletal discrepancies, treated in the Postgraduate Orthodontic Clinic over the past years. Basic principles of orthodontic-orthognathic surgery treatment will be analyzed and updated information from the literature will be provided. Clinical cases with various types of skeletal malocclusion, such as Class II or Class III skeletal disharmony, skeletal open bite, skeletal asymmetry, or combination of the above, which were treated either with single jaw or bimaxillary surgery, will be presented.

Cutting-edge technologies in orthodontics have revolutionized the field by improving precision, treatment efficiency, and patient outcomes. As these technologies evolved, there is an increasing emphasis on validating their effectiveness through evidence-based practices.
Research studies and clinical trials are essential for demonstrating the safety, efficacy, and long-term benefits of these advancements. The integration of data from large-scale patient populations, combined with rigorous clinical protocols, helps orthodontists make informed decisions and offer treatments grounded in empirical evidence. 
The shift towards evidence-based practices encourages clinicians to stay updated with the latest research, ensuring that patient care is always aligned with the most current, scientifically validated methods. This evidence-based approach ensures that emerging technologies meet the highest standards of care while also optimizing patient satisfaction and treatment success rates.

Key information: Temporary Anchorage Device, dental intrusion
Skeletal anchorage extends the range of orthodontic anchorage possibilities with Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs), that can provide absolute anchorage for a short period of time.
TADs are now very often used in clinical orthodontic treatment for direct or indirect anchorage, with different objectives: expansion, open bite or class III correction, gummy smile treatment, preprosthetic treatment, full arches distalization/mesialization or retrusion of the upper incisors, etc.; they are commercially available in the screw diameter range of 1.2 – 2.7 mm and in length varying from 4 to 12 mm. The most common site for their placement is the interradicular bone between the teeth, but also extraradicular in palatal bone, infrazygomatic crest and mandibular buccal shelf, with less risk of damaging rooth and interfering with mesiodistal movement of teeth or groups of teeth and also with low failure percentage, if compared to the conventional miniimplants.
In this context, some clinical cases will be presented, showing different use of TADs in gummy smile and some preprosthetic treatments involving dental intrusions. The cases were treated successfully, functional and also aesthetic, showing that nowadays the TADs are the best useful tool in the modern practical orthodontics.

The treatment of skeletal malocclusions is a complex challenge for the correction of which the interdisciplinary orthodontic-surgical approach has proven to be extremely effective. Severe skeletal malocclusions, where the relationship between the mandible and maxilla is disturbed, cannot be adequately treated by orthodontics or surgery alone. In this treatment, orthodontics has the task of preparing the dentofacial structures for surgery, and surgery corrects the skeletal dysplasia to restore optimal function and improved facial aesthetics. The effectiveness of this interdisciplinary treatment is illustrated by analysing some clinical cases, highlighting the benefits and challenges of the coordination process between orthodontists and surgeons. The cases presented include malocclusions of varying severity treated by a combination of preoperative orthodontic appliances and post-orthodontic surgical procedures, with each approach having a significant impact on improving masticatory function and facial aesthetics. The results show a significant improvement in the patients' quality of life by restoring facial harmony and occlusal functionality while reducing postoperative risks and recovery time. In summary, orthodontic-surgical treatment is an effective and complete solution for the correction of severe skeletal malocclusions, with interdisciplinary coordination playing a crucial role in achieving optimal long-term results.

Unlocking the Secrets of Engagers in Aligner Therapy: Tailoring Solutions for Every Tooth Movement. In this hands-on workshop, you'll learn how to select the right type of engager based on specific tooth movements and clinical goals. Through practical exercises, you'll gain the skills to apply engagers correctly for enhanced force delivery, precision, and treatment efficiency. Leave with a deeper understanding of how to optimize aligner therapy and achieve exceptional results for your patients.

Sponsor: Straumann

This workshop, dedicated to orthodontists, aims to explore innovations in the design and planning of skeletally anchored devices. Interactive sessions will address the fundamental principles of clinical evaluation and anchorage technique selection, emphasizing the integration of modern technologies and digital planning methodologies. Participants will have the opportunity to become familiar with:
•    Clinical case analysis: Presenting case studies illustrating the practical application of skeletally anchored devices in complex orthodontic situations.
•    Digital planning: Using digital tools to simulate treatment and optimize device positioning.
•    Innovative strategies: Discussions on recent developments in the field and how they can improve clinical outcomes, reducing treatment time and maximizing patient satisfaction.
Through this workshop, the goal is to consolidate theoretical knowledge and develop practical skills, enabling participants to successfully apply design and planning concepts in their daily practice. In conclusion, the event offers an opportunity for collaborative learning and knowledge sharing, contributing to the continuous improvement of modern orthodontic techniques.

The extraction for orthodontic treatment was carried out to create spaces to align the malocclusion of the cases. The reason will be individual to the clinician and the patients, ranging from concerning compliance, tooth-arch discrepancy, cephalometric discrepancy, facial profile, skeletal age (growth) and anteroposterior relationships, dental asymmetry, facial pattern, and pathologies. The constricted alveolar bone before being closed is one of the many problems that come with continuing the treatment. A narrowed alveolar bone in the extraction site can hinder the process of closing the space and prolong treatment time, and there is a high chance of relapse. Delayed timing of extraction will provide a better way of dealing with close space in clinical orthodontic extraction cases when the treatment decision is to extract first bicuspids in treating the case. To ensure interproximal reduction (IPR), root canal treatment (RCT) or pulpotomy should be performed first in this delayed extraction method. The alignment of the crowding can be facilitated by this as it can address some of the tooth-arch length discrepancy (ALD). When all the necessary preparations and mechanics to close the spaces are completed, the intended teeth can be removed. Immediate closure of the extraction site can be initiated, and the biological process known as regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP) will help to close the spaces. It will be beneficial to extract the teeth after the alignment when we are ready to do the en-masse retraction and close the spaces using the TADs in the maxillary and the mandible.
The advocated method will be helpful in many ways. Eliminating the bowing effect when closing the extraction spaces, preventing alveolar resorption, and minimizing chewing disturbance can help close the space in less time. The details of each tooth can be followed, thus completing the primary objective of the treatment. The treatment method will be explained in detail with step-by-step instructions.

In the face of cutting-edge 3D technologies and escalating patient expectations for aesthetic and functional outcomes, orthognathic surgery stands at a critical juncture. The demand for surgical precision and long-term stability has never been higher. This lecture will navigate the current landscape of orthognathic surgery, exploring the transformative impact of digital technology on treatment methodologies.
The presentation will delve into the diverse array of 3D technologies, techniques, and modalities that have been introduced to the orthognathic surgery realm, impacting every stage of the treatment process. Recent trends in the field will be critically examined, dispelling myths and presenting evidence to guide the audience through the evolving landscape of digital orthognathic surgery.
With a focus on complicated orthognathic cases, the lecture aims to propose a cohesive digital workflow. By addressing both the promises and challenges posed by these advancements, the audience will gain valuable insights into establishing high standards of surgical accuracy in the pursuit of optimal patient outcomes.
Join us in this exploration of the digital frontier as we assess our current position and collectively chart a course towards a future characterized by excellence in orthognathic surgery.

How can we, the orthodontist analyze, assist and assess an airway problem from the first visit of our patient?
What we have to analyze the patient, what can we see on the face, in the X-Rays, questions to ask the parents or the patient?
How can we help and how is influencing our treatment decisions?

Many trends in orthodontics come and go - but when Dr. Baumgaertel started using TADs in orthodontic practice about 20 years ago, he knew this was going to be an innovation here to stay, because it made sense. Anchorage is the holy grail of orthodontics and a requirement for excellent treatment results. TADs create anchorage predictably, and when used correctly allow you to achieve treatment results that were impossible before. Join Dr. Baumgaertel on his 20 year journey of TADs, learn about early success, mistakes, dead ends, and how he uses TADs in his orthodontic practice today.

One of the great beneficiaries of digital technologies is orthognathic surgery. Starting from the use of intraoral scanners followed by the printing of study models, the whole working philosophy changed. Surgery planning software uses the three-dimensional acquisitions obtained through CBCT examinations, so that the intermaxillary ratios are faithful. These software allow precise cephalometric measurements to be performed, so that the work of the orthodontist surgeon team has as few errors as possible. The preview of osteotomy lines and their effects on patients' aesthetics also plays an essential role in increased postoperative satisfaction for both patients and practitioners. 
The only disadvantage at the moment is the cost of software and the devices involved in this process. However, new technologies allow to obtain predictable results that are superior to those that could be obtained in the classic way, faster and by eliminating some stages that predisposed to errors. 

Class III malocclusion is a multifaceted condition that varies widely in presentation, from mild dental discrepancies to severe skeletal imbalances. This lecture delves into the diverse challenges of Class III treatment and how digital innovations transform outcomes across the spectrum.

Attendees will explore how digital tools—such as 3D imaging, AI-driven diagnostics, and virtual treatment planning—enable personalized approaches for every scenario. From early growth modification in developing patients to non-surgical orthodontic strategies for moderate cases and, finally, to complex surgical-orthodontic solutions for severe skeletal discrepancies, this session will showcase the power of technology in tailoring treatment to individual needs.

Through real-world case studies and interactive examples, participants will learn how to leverage digital workflows to optimize diagnosis, enhance patient communication, and achieve predictable results. By the end of the lecture, clinicians will be equipped with practical strategies to navigate the complexities of Class III malocclusion, ensuring success at every stage of treatment.

The main goal in orthodontic treatment achievement is to established optimal occlusal relationship, functional occlusion, physiological and aesthetic harmony of the orofacial structures and facial appearance. The contemporary approach to the complete dental care of patients and the interceptive management of the occlusion undoubtedly implies a good teamwork and cooperation. Most of the irregularities that affect the developing dentition are solved exclusively with an integrated approach, aiming to eliminate etiological factor, to suspend the correction of the malocclusion (easier and faster), prevention of relapses. Orthodontic treatment is integrated in multidisciplinary approach to achieved complete dental care of patients, especially children at the time of active growth and development. In orthodontic therapeutic purposes, starting from the planned extraction of the primary and/or permanent teeth, through early detection of disturbances in eruption path during growth and development of permanent dentition and possibilities to prevent the complication, up to contemporary approach in the treatment it is necessary to apply adequate diagnostic principles and cooperation of the orthodontists and other specialists, inevitably the patients too. In this lecture those problem will be discussed and possible solution will be presented.

Patients with reduced vertical dimension present a challenge to the clinician, especially in extreme situations where the facial esthetics is affected.  Additionally, a deep overbite is often present in these subjects resulting in collapsed occlusal patterns which are difficult to treat.  Specific objectives of treatment in these patients should be focused in determining an adequate vertical position of the maxillary incisors, followed by determination of a proper occlusal plane and overbite. Knowledge of biomechanics allows to plan for the most cost-effective alternatives in restoring a functional occlusion and smile esthetics in these patients.  Specific strategies will be discussed in order to achieve predictable outcomes.  One couple systems, endosseous dental implants, TADs, orthognathic surgery and surgical/prosthetic multidisciplinary approaches will be presented.  
Objectives
1.  Describe the treatment planning process in patients with reduced vertical dimension and deep overbite. 
2.  Illustrate the different force systems that can be delivered through endosseous dental implants, one couple systems, and TADs in the treatment of deep overbite malocclusions. 
3. Describe the importance of following a proper sequence in the mechanics plan to allow proper vertical control.    
3.  Discuss the role of orthognathic surgery, specifically of surgery first, in the treatment of patients with reduced vertical dimension.

Paving excellence in patient’s smile through synergies!
Dr Abraham Kyriakides DDS DO Specialist Orthodontist Private Practice Limassol Cyprus
Several cases will be presented in this presentation where orthodontics facilitate strategic interventions producing optimal results with prosthetics. Absence of upper incisors is the most detrimental scenario of the human smile. Esthetic results are related to the position of the neighboring teeth. Orthodontics can pave the path of excellence in the patient’s smile. With the rapidly growing number of adults seeking our help and colleagues asking for our expertise, us orthodontists should be prepared to play our invaluable role. From minor touch to major movements our knowledge and skills are irreplaceable and most of the time the most conservative ones.   Helping the general dentists or the prosthodontists gives our patient the best possible fundamentals to achieve excellent results.  We are experts to see their needs as a whole and give to the patient our honest and more suitable solution to their smile.

Maxillary expansion is a technique used to correct discrepancies in the upper jaw due to inadequate development. Because the degree of underdevelopment and structural anatomy varies from person to person, treatment plans should be individualized. Today, digital applications not only replace many conventional approaches in our field but also help us get easier and more precise results. By evaluating teeth, soft tissue, and bones in a virtual environment and by using special programs and production techniques, it is possible to design more effective customized bone-supported expansion devices. During the presentation, digital planning approaches and their impact on clinical practices will be explained.

Almost 100 years have passed since Remensnyder proposed aligner orthodontics in 1926, and with the introduction of CAD/CAM by Align Technology with Invisalign, the last 25 years have seen aligner orthodontics applied in many clinical practices worldwide. More recently, revolutions in the industry, including CAD, simulation software for orthodontic treatment with aligners, the increasing performance of 3D printers, and the emergence of new aligner materials have triggered an increase in the quality of digital in-office aligner systems. Not only has aligner production shifted from 3rd party commission to in-house production, but the concept of aligner orthodontics has also changed dramatically, changing the workflow of treatment, treatment planning, and treatment outcomes. The conventional wisdom in aligner orthodontic treatment, which is commissioned by conventional companies, is poised to change drastically, here and now. This lecture will redefine the fundamental concept of aligner orthodontic treatment.
 

Class II malocclusion is considered one of the most common problems to solve in orthodontics. Differential diagnosis constitutes a main pillar in addressing such deformations in order to be able to apply individualized therapeutic procedures.
Based on the above, each Class II has to be corrected differently and no cook book to follow exists. A philosophy classifying dentoalveolar, skeletal and soft tissue components as well as identifying maxillary from mandibular etiology has to be developed and applied. 
Additionally, growth modifications constitute an important dynamic factor during our treatment planning procedure by considering growth direction and intensity.
This presentation will expose an update about Class II management through an Individualized Orthodontic Philosophy adapted to the paradigm shift in orthodontics, as well as different techniques used to address this malocclusion.

Modern idea of case-driven orthodontics refers to an approach in treatment that emphasizes tailoring the planning to the specific needs and characteristics of each individual patient. This approach recognizes that each person is unique, customizing the orthodontic treatment to address their particular dental, skeletal, and soft tissue features.
A comprehensive diagnosis is crucial in case-driven orthodontics, particularly in distalization or extractive cases. Distalization, as known, refers to the movement of teeth distally, a crucial aspect when addressing issues such as crowding, protrusion, or malocclusions; the same issues are fundamental in the selection of extractive cases and when teeth extractions are commonly recommended.
Questions such as: distalize or extract? Maximum anchorage or loss of anchorage? TADs or not? Those that may seem like simple questions often hide the pitfalls of orthodontics.
Therefore, case-driven orthodontics is a way of thinking, a dictum that experience allows us to replicate cases with similar efforts and results. The paradox that follows is simple: case-driven orthodontics is treatment flexibility within a rigid framework.

Solomon Oleg, Iulian Ghețiu, Erar Kamel   

In this article, the genetic mechanisms involved in the occurrence of congenital edentulism are analyzed, a dental anomaly that results from the complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Genetic studies have identified several essential genes for tooth development, and mutations in these genes are associated with hypodontia, oligodontia, and subtotal edentulism. The study was conducted on a sample of 101 patients with congenital edentulism, selected from a total of 3,567 patients with various malocclusions. Among the most important genes involved are PAX9, MSX1, AXIN2, EDA, WNT10A, and BMP4, each playing a specific role in the development and differentiation of dental structures.
Keywords: congenital edentulism, genes, proteins, dental organ, genetic factors.

The oral cavity plays a major role in the functions of digestion, speech, secondary breathing and esthetics. All these are fundamental functions to the whole individual. As orthodontists we are more than just tooth straighteners we are doctors that have the privilege to holistically improve smiles and lives of our patients and all of those from our sphere of influence. The presentation will include cases and focus on evidence-based roles orthodontists play in improving total (mental and physical) wellness as well as technological advances to improve efficiencies, treatment outcomes and patient experiences: lightforce, isoglide, synapse, proclaim, iCat CBCT and dental monitoring.

2014 Simon Graf introduced 3d metal printing in the orthodontic world. In his lecture, he will look back on almost 10 years of failures, errors and meander leading finally to useful virtually planned and direct printed appliances. He will demonstrate different ways to plan and 3d metal print Orthodontic appliances. He will go through the production step by step and share tips, how to avoid clinical problems with those appliances.
Session learning points:
-Clinical possibilities with 3d metal printed appliance
-How to plan and connect 3d metal printed appliances with TADs
Direct printed aligners: a new era in aligner treatment
Abstract Simon Graf:
In his lecture Simon Graf will present an update for direct printed aligners. He will show some cases with direct printed aligners and how to plan and produce them. He will show step by step, how it’s possible to virtually plan them and what to take care of during the printing procedure.
As direct printing of aligner does allow more possibilities, he will point out different functions, like functional class II/III elements, that can be added to aligners including treatment options with direct connection to mini-implants. 
Session learning points:
-How to print aligners directly without cast
-New aligner thinking

The integration of digital planning in orthodontics has revolutionized the accuracy and efficiency of mini-implant placement and is particularly important for Maxillary Skeletal Expansion with bone anchored devices (MARPE). This lecture explores the Bone-First Principle, an approach that prioritizes individualized bone anatomy in determining optimal mini-implant positioning. By using advanced imaging techniques, 3D treatment planning, and guided insertion protocols, clinicians can enhance the success rates of MARPE while minimizing risks of implant failure and complications.

''Unlock the Power of Eruption Guidance in Early Orthodontic Treatment''
This dynamic course provides an in-depth, evidence-based approach to interceptive orthodontic treatment using LM-Activator™. Learn how to guide the eruption effectively, diagnose and treat various malocclusions, achieving stable long-term results—all supported by an extensive collection of clinical cases.  
Theoretical Highlights 
- Clinical strategies for early orthodontic treatment with LM-Activator™  
- Optimizing LM-Activator™ for malocclusions correction—when and how to intervene  
- Evidence-based protocols in early orthodontic treatment  
Interactive Hands-On Training 
💡 Gain practical experience with typodonts, OrthoSizer,  LM-Activator™ appliances and the new prefabricated silicone aligner- My LM-Activator™ 
- Learn to select the correct model and size for each patient  
- Master appliance modifications for enhanced treatment outcomes  
- Guide patients and families on proper wear, cooperation and motivation  
Clinical Cases & Real-World Applications 
- Case-based discussions covering a wide range of malocclusions  
- Step-by-step treatment planning 
- Key insights from successfully treated cases with LM-Activator™  
- Troubleshooting and optimizing patient compliance for better outcomes  
 

Sponsor MEDIDENT EXIM

Aligners continue to grow in popularity among patients, for whom aesthetic and removable solutions are highly desirable. Traditional fixed appliances are no longer well tolerated by either adults or young patients, and it is therefore vital to find ways to meet their expectations.
Patients are becoming more demanding, preferring to wear aligners for fewer hours each day and expressing a dislike for attachments on the front teeth. Meanwhile, 3D printing technologies have advanced significantly, becoming both more efficient and accessible. Today, it is possible to print 3D aligners with unique characteristics. During the presentation, clinical cases will be showcased where aligners printed with 3D printers were used, demonstrating superior mechanical properties compared to thermoformed aligners. These aligners are designed with varying thicknesses to ensure better retention and reduce the need for attachments. This combination has led to the development of an aligner that can be worn just 10-12 hours a day. Finally, clinical and laboratory research that contributed to the development of this device will be presented to highlight both its capabilities and limitations.

Introduction. Maxillary compression syndrome (MCS) is characterized by a transverse and sagittal discrepancy in the size of the maxilla and mandible, leading to dento-maxillary anomalies (DMaN), masticatory muscle dysfunction, and significant craniofacial structural changes. The complexity of these conditions can have a considerable psycho-emotional impact on individuals and broader societal implications, making it a public health concern.
Over the years, dento-maxillary anomalies and their associated conditions have garnered increasing research attention. Research indicates that both the incidence of DMaN, including maxillary compression, and the prevalence of marginal periodontal disorders are rising, particularly among children and young adults. Maxillary compression presents with facial, oral, and radiological signs, along with various functional impairments. The characteristics of each malformation are influenced by its interaction with affected tissues. Recognizing clinical signs is essential for establishing both a definitive and differential diagnosis.
The aim of the study. To evaluate diagnostic methods and identify preventive strategies for maxillary compression syndrome.
Materials and Methods To establish diagnostic and preventive strategies for maxillary compression syndrome, the following methods were employed: clinical examination, complementary examination, photometric examination, biometric study of models, radiological examination (OPG and lateral cephalometric analysis using the Steiner, Tweed-Merrifield, and Ricketts methods), cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), determination of bone density of the midpalatal suture, and rhinomanometry investigation.
The study was conducted within the Department of Orthodontics at the „Nicolae Testemițanu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from 2016 to 2022. The study included 165 patients aged 6–18 years, with a mean age of 13.2±0.23 years and a median age of 13 years. Of the study participants, 104 (63.0%; 95% CI [55.8–70.3]) were girls, and 61 (37.0%; 95% CI [29.7–44.2]) were boys with maxillary compression.
Results. The research results allowed the identification of additional indices and the estimation of relevant diagnostic methods for maxillary compression syndrome (MCS). According to global statistics, the prevalence of this condition varies around 25.2%. The incidence of MCS is constantly increasing, and this research has led to the implementation of new and updated studies for the early detection and diagnosis of this pathology, identifying predisposing factors for the development of dental occlusion disorders.
The study found that half of the children exhibited harmful oral habits, necessitating preventive and corrective interventions.
Conclusions. Accurate diagnosis of maxillary compression syndrome (MCS) requires an understanding of both static and dynamic parameters, occlusal guidance, fulcrum presence, dental attrition, malocclusion type, and temporomandibular joint disorders. The proposed diagnostic methods for maxillary compression syndrome (MCS) are essential for developing individualized treatment plans based on the degree of midpalatal suture ossification, facilitating appropriate maxillary expansion strategies for different age groups.
Keywords: maxillary compression, predisposing factors, interdisciplinary diagnos

The relationship between orthodontics and periodontics is complex and multifaceted, with both disciplines influencing each other in various ways. While orthodontic treatment can improve function and aesthetics, it also presents potential risks to periodontal health, particularly in patients with thin biotypes or predisposing factors for gingival recession. Conversely, periodontal conditions can impact orthodontic treatment planning, biomechanics, and long-term stability. This presentation will explore the indications and limitations of orthodontic treatment in managing gingival recessions, the strategic planning of mechanotherapy, and the expected duration and prognosis of corrective interventions. Key factors influencing treatment outcomes in various clinical scenarios will be discussed.

Mastering the Art of Closing Extraction Spaces in Orthodontics: Unlocking the Power of Non-Friction Mechanics. In this workshop, we’ll explore the essential biomechanics and planning strategies for successful space closure. Learn how to create efficient non-friction systems using loops or the Multi FA system, and enhance your technique for optimal results. With hands-on T-loop modeling, you'll gain practical skills in adjustment, enabling you to achieve precise and predictable outcomes in your orthodontic practice.

Sponsor: Ortoforum

For decades the use of extra-oral tractions, functional appliances, traditional rapid palatal expanders and facemask have represented the most common solutions for treatment of class II and class III malocclusions in the growing patient. These solutions have proven to be extremely effective, nevertheless, they present some limitations due to patient compliance and undesired dental side effects.
At present, the advent of TAD-based modern orthopaedic strategies has completely changed our approach to the problem and opened a new frontier in treatment strategies. Where are we now with these last generation protocols? The lecture will focus on modern orthopaedic procedures based on the hybrid combination of traditional appliances and TADs for the most efficient treatment of adolescent patients. 

Tooth transplantations, especially in growing patients, are attractive alternative to treat tooth agenesis, traumatically injured maxillary incisors and impacted teeth. Careful planning of treatment using tooth transplantation regarding orthodontic and surgical indications can reduce the risk of post-surgical complications and obtain satisfactory treatment results. Transplanted teeth not only provide satisfactory long-term replacements of missing teeth but also can preserve and regenerate alveolar bone. Premolars with developing roots are the most commonly transplanted teeth because of their best healing potential, but also developing third molars, immature impacted teeth and developed premolars can be successfully transplanted.
The protocol of immature tooth transplantation in orthodontic treatment will be discussed during lecture illustrated by various clinical examples. The presentation will postsurgical monitoring related to successful healing, detection of possible complications and prosthodontic reshaping of premolars transplanted to anterior maxilla. The critical aspects of the pre-surgical and post-surgical orthodontic treatment will be presented.

1.    Clinical use of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in predicted orthodontics
Learning objectives
a.    This presentation will show how to achieve predicted orthodontic treatment results
b.    The clinical use of LIPUS in orthodontic treatment
Summary: This presentation will show the evidence how utilizing LIPUS in orthodontic treatment can hep predicting orthodontic treatment results. How the planned orthodontic treatment specifically with clear aligners can be predicted and achieved using LIPUS system. The presentation with show complex orthodontic cases from diagnosis, treatment planning to the achieved results and how LIPUS can support achieving this goal. Cases that wil be presented including cases with compromised periodontal status, previously treated cases and cases with existing severe root resorption, severe crowding, class II, class III, open bite, deep bite, and multidisciplinary cases. In addition, this presentation will show how LIPUS can successfully help achieving treatment goals in cases with specific medications like mental health medications of celiac disease for example.  This presentation will also cover the scientific bases of using LIPUS in orthodontic practice from discovery to clinical application. 
2.    Mechanism of action of LIPUS on alveolar bone remodeling and regeneration
Learning objectives:
a.    The scientific bases of the effect of LIPUS on osteoblasts and osteoclasts
b.    The scientific bases of the effect of LIPUS on gingival cells, cementoblasts, and odontoblasts 
c.    The scientific bases of the effect of LIPUS on alveolar bone remodelling during orthodontic treatment.
Summary
This presentation will go over the scientific bases of LIPUS effect on different alveolar bone cells isolated or together including cell culture cells, tooth slice organ culture, mandible slice organ culture, mice, rats, rabbits, dogs and humans. This presentation wil show the scientific evidence in the literature on how LIPUS can regenerate root resorption and how it stimulates cementoblasts to produce new cementum. Also, this presentation will show LIPUS stimulates gingival, periodontal and alveolar bone to provide the required biological responses to orthodontic tooth movement. This presentation will highlight the subcellular mechanisms in providing alveolar bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement.

3.    LIPUS achieved safe, shorter and stable orthodontic treatment.
Learning objectives:
a.    Scientific evidence on how LIPUS can achieve shorter treatment time 
b.    Scientific evidence on how LIPUS can achieve stable orthodontic treatment time
Summary
This presentation will show the scientific evidence of how LIPUS can achieve shorter treatment time as well as stable results after orthodontic treatment. From case reports, retrospective studies, clinical trial and systematic review data, this presentation will show how to draw conclusion about the scientific evidence of utilizing LIPUS on achieving shorter orthodontic treatment time and stable results as well. 

 

Sponsor: Happy Smiles Distribution SRL

Abstract: Faced with the current tidal wave of clear aligners and TADs in order to meet patients’ esthetic demands and to push the biological limits, experienced clinicians may wonder if their well-working protocols and procedures based on sound scientific evidence are still relevant or will soon be discarded and substituted by the industry and their key-opinion leaders (KOL).
After 40 years of practicing ‘Real World Clinical Orthodontics’ coupled with critical self and peer-assessment, while maintaining an open mind for progress, it appears that despite the implementation of digital technology and AI, proven biomechanical principles and treatment concepts cannot be thrown overboard and that conventional fixed appliances and orthognathic surgery will always have their place in the orthodontic armamentarium for goal-oriented treatment planning and execution. 

Life expectancy is increasing, and the desire to maintain our natural teeth and a beautiful smile throughout our lives is growing. Demands are both aesthetics and function, necessitating the involvement of various disciplines in the prevention and treatment of the worn dentition. The role of orthodontics in preventing tooth wear is a topic of ongoing debate. Is there an association between the bite and tooth wear, and which malocclusions can benefit from orthodontic treatment to reduce wear?

When the damage has occurred, and dental restorations are needed, orthodontics can be immensely helpful and, in many cases, crucial for achieving an optimal solution. Orthodontic treatment can create the necessary space for reconstructing lost tooth substance and align the bite appropriately before the final restorative phase. Often, there will be a requirement for initial interdisciplinary planning and continuous communication between the orthodontist and the dentist, who will build upon the orthodontic results.

The presentation aims to illustrate the association between malocclusion and tooth wear as well and the possibilities of orthodontics and interdisciplinary collaboration in restoring the worn dentition.

The orthodontic treatment of patients who have disorders of the temporomandibular joint is always difficult because the changes in occlusion are influenced by the unstable position of the condyles. 
This characteristic determines the lack of precise criteria that allow a proper orthodontic diagnosis, so that a reliable treatment plan can be established. 
This presentation reports on the principles of treatment of patients with TMD. A stabilizing splint should be used before any active orthodontic movement of the teeth to stabilize the condylar position. 
Once the condylar position is stabilized after splint therapy, functional occlusion and facial aesthetics are resolved by orthodontic treatment with appropriate orthodontic mechanics.

Severe dento-facial deformities, including mandibular prognathism, retrognathia, maxillary hypoplasia, open bites, and facial asymmetries, require a multidisciplinary approach to restore function, esthetics, and overall facial harmony. 
Orthognathic surgery serves as a cornerstone in the management of these skeletal discrepancies, providing definitive correction that goes beyond conventional orthodontic treatment. From an orthognathic surgery perspective, treatment planning involves a detailed assessment of skeletal relationships, occlusion, airway function, and soft tissue adaptation to achieve optimal long-term outcomes.
Advancements in virtual surgical planning, three-dimensional imaging, and CAD/CAM technology have significantly improved surgical precision, enabling predictable skeletal repositioning and enhanced post-operative stability. Standard surgical techniques, such as Le Fort I osteotomy, bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO), and genioplasty, are tailored based on the patient’s specific anatomical needs and functional requirements. 
A well-coordinated collaboration between orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons is essential, as pre-surgical orthodontic preparation ensures proper decompensation, and post-surgical orthodontic management refines occlusion and stabilizes results.
It will be explored the evolving perspectives in orthognathic surgery, focusing on technological innovations, treatment planning strategies, and post-operative considerations that optimize both function and esthetics. 
A comprehensive understanding of skeletal biomechanics, facial soft tissue response, and airway dynamics is critical in achieving successful outcomes, improving quality of life for patients with complex dento-facial deformities.

Clear aligner therapy has revolutionized orthodontic treatment, offering a more aesthetic and comfortable alternative to traditional methods. However, vertical malocclusions present a unique challenge in achieving optimal treatment outcomes. These discrepancies can significantly affect both the functional and aesthetic aspects of treatment. This presentation explores advanced clinical strategies for addressing vertical issues within aligner therapy, with a particular focus on the role of digital innovation in enhancing treatment precision. Key topics will include the integration of 3D imaging technologies, digital treatment planning, and the use of AI-driven tools for diagnosis and outcome prediction. Additionally, precision attachments, biomechanical principles, and the utilization of real-time monitoring platforms will be discussed as integral components of modern aligner therapy. The presentation will provide insights into overcoming vertical discrepancies through these innovative digital approaches, offering orthodontic professionals practical strategies to refine their clinical workflows and optimize vertical correction. The ultimate goal is to present a comprehensive, digitally-enhanced framework for managing vertical malocclusions, ensuring more efficient, effective, and predictable outcomes in aligner therapy.

The use of the Multi-FA appliance for segmental distalization combined with brackets or aligners offers a unique distalization protocol which allows powerful tool for CL II correction combined with additional therapeutical teeth movements leading to better control and faster results.
 

At first glance treatment of a deep bite may seem simple — the teeth are overlapping, and we just need to correct them. But beneath the surface lies a complex web of biomechanical, esthetic, and functional challenges.
Much like swimming in deep waters, treating a deep bite requires patience, knowledge, good technique and courage. If we’re not careful, we can easily destabilize the occlusion, provoke relapse, or compromise the esthetic outcome.
To truly understand the story behind a deep bite, we need to have a complete diagnostic foundation. We must be aware of all the specific characteristics that appear at the skeletal level, the facial level, and within orofacial functions in these patients.
This is not a homogeneous group of malocclusions—some patients present with purely dental issues, others with skeletal discrepancies, and in many cases, the two are combined. One thing is clear: there is no room for generalizations in treatment. Every case is a story of its own.
With this lecture we’re diving not just into the deep bite itself, but into everything it takes to safely ‘surface’ from it.

The clinical practice of orthodontics has been done in much the same way for 100 years.
There is now a non-edgewise approach with several advantages over all the variations of Angle's ingenious invention, as well as clear aligners.
It requires less force to move teeth, eliminates all the biomechanical side-effects built into edgewise, and significantly reduces the duration of treatment. This results from changing the geometry of the archwire and archwire slot so that now only 2 sets of archwires are needed to treat every case - this is triangular, this is Wedgewise.

White spot lesions are one of the most frequent side effects of orthodontic treatment. Their frequency has been reported to be widely variable, from 2%-97 % in different epidemiological studies, which might be explained by the techniques used to detect them. The use of bands, wires, or brackets during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances, promote retention of biofilms, exhibiting a significant higher rate of WSLs compared to controls with none of this tools involved. It is interesting the fact their appearance since the first weeks of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
This lecture reviews the recent literature regarding WSLs in orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. We will also share results and conclusions of our studies on patients treated with fixed appliances and compare these findings with the latest evidence. This topic has been in the focus of researchers during the recent decade. The nature is so impressive by offering her extracts to minimize WSLs appearance. On the other hand studies has shown that materials containing fluoride showed more significant antimicrobial effectiveness when compared to the materials without antimicrobial substance and thus might have the  potential of antimicrobial properties in vivo. Fluoride-containing materials showed greater antimicrobial effectiveness but require frequent application of more fluoride to enhance their antimicrobial ability. 
The high incidence of WSLs during orthodontic treatment necessitates the attention of both patients and caregivers to maximize caries prevention measures or the management of it if it occurs.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the landscape of orthodontics, transforming patient care from diagnosis to treatment planning and monitoring. As AI-powered tools become increasingly integrated into clinical workflows, they are reshaping the traditional orthodontic experience—enhancing precision, efficiency, and personalization. This presentation explores the profound impact of AI on orthodontic patients today and its promising future trajectory.
Current AI applications in orthodontics include automated cephalometric analysis, AI-assisted treatment planning, and machine learning models that predict treatment outcomes with greater accuracy. These advancements aim to minimize human error, improve case efficiency, and facilitate real-time treatment adjustments. Patients now benefit from AI-driven remote monitoring systems, which enable orthodontists to track progress without frequent in-office visits. This shift enhances patient convenience and compliance while ensuring timely interventions. Looking ahead, AI's role in orthodontics is expected to evolve further with the integration of deep learning algorithms, augmented reality, and digital twin technology. These innovations will allow for hyper-personalized treatment plans tailored to a patient's unique dental and skeletal characteristics. Moreover, AI-driven predictive analytics will optimize treatment timelines, reducing overall duration while maintaining superior clinical outcomes. 
While AI presents considerable opportunities, ethical considerations, patient privacy, and the role of human expertise remain crucial discussions in this evolving field. Striking a balance between technological advancement and clinical judgment will define the future of AI-driven orthodontic care. This presentation will provide an in-depth exploration of AI’s current and future impact on orthodontic patients, offering valuable insights for clinicians, researchers, and industry professionals seeking to embrace the future of intelligent orthodontic care.

Orthodontics, as well as other specialties of Dentistry has experienced a permanent evolution in recent years because of performance in radiological investigation techniques (Cone-beam CT, computerized teleradiography) and technological progress and materials market (hybrid arches, autoligatured brackets, anchorage minimplants).
Orthodontic therapy is increasingly requested by a heterogen populational segment, with ages between 5 and 55 years, seeking a quick and effective treatment, with an emphasis on the improvement of facial aesthetics.
The purpose of this conference is to present a synthesis of the most frequent risk factors in orthodontic   treatment of impacted teeth  and elements related to the adult patient adherence. 
Material and method
The study was realised on a number of 94  patients, aged between 13-18 , with different types of imp0acted teeth and orthodontic treated, by fixed appliances, MBT prescription with mini-implants  anchorage. The authors have analysed periodontal parameters : IP, IHP,IIG  and  the distance between the cement-enamel junction CEJ and the apex in order to determine the risk of root resorption.  The patients were  investigated before starting the orthodontic treatment,  at 6 months after applying the fixed apparatus and at the end of orthodontic treatment.  
Results
In high cases (81%) the orthodontic treatment doesn’t influence negatively the periodontal parameters .In a few cases (7%), we observed a gingival resorption  and 11% of cases had at the end of orthodontic treatment root resorption , especially in palatal impacted teeth.
Conclusions 
Using orthodontic implants as temporary anchorage devices (TDA) has revolutionized the biomechanical orthodontic treatment planning. These  the new type of anchorage, the results are more predictable and treatment duration can be shortened 
Periodontal analysis and alveolar bone evaluation are very important before orthodontic treatment, especially in cases with thin gingival tissue and endocrine  disorders.

Purpose. In the last decades patients’ demand for dental and facial esthetics increased tremendously. Patients are seeking for orthodontic treatment not only for esthetic reasons, but also to improve their function and occlusion, especially in those cases with important occlusal imbalances or particular dental conditions. Our aim is to underline the need for a dental team in order to establish the correct treatment planning and treatment sequence.
Materials and Methods. Patients with different orthodontic malocclusions , dental migrations and occlusal disturbances, congenitally missing teeth or tooth size discrepancy were examined and treated by a dental team composed of orthodontist, periodontologist, dental surgeon or/and specialist in restorative dentistry for complete oral rehabilitation of the patients. All patients received orthodontic treatment with different types of orthodontic appliances in order to correct the malocclusion and to create favorable conditions inside the dental arches for the next procedures. Each case represented a challenge for the entire team and needed a phased treatment plan upon the final result.
Results. At the end of the treatment all the patients showed good dental and facial esthetics, functional and stable occlusion and, wherever was necessary, the integrity of dental arches was reestablished through dental or implant supported crowns and bridges. In some cases the orthodontist established and guided the interdisciplinary treatment plan, as it happened in surgical cases, but in other cases the restorative dentist requested certain orthodontic procedures in order to achieve the best result for the patient. 
Conclusions.  The orthodontic treatment represents a “must have” in many difficult cases that require complete oral rehabilitation, especially in adult patients. The orthodontic procedures may vary from limited dental movements, opening/closing spaces, leveling the occlusal plane to more complex treatments and it is followed sometimes by different restorative procedures provided by members of the dental team for successfully completion of the oral rehabilitation.
Key words: orthodontic treatment; oral rehabilitation; dental team
 

Clear aligner therapy has gained widespread popularity as an esthetic and minimally invasive orthodontic treatment option. Accurate assessment of tooth movement is essential for achieving predictable outcomes. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) provides three-dimensional imaging that enhances the evaluation of tooth displacement, root positioning, and alveolar bone adaptation during aligner therapy. This study explores the role of CBCT in monitoring and predicting tooth movement in clear aligner treatment.
CBCT imaging allows for precise measurement of crown and root positioning, which is often underestimated in conventional two-dimensional assessments. It also aids in evaluating bone remodeling and periodontal changes associated with orthodontic forces. By integrating CBCT with digital treatment planning software, clinicians can optimize force application, minimize unwanted movements, and improve treatment predictability. Moreover, CBCT facilitates early detection of potential complications, such as root resorption, bone dehiscence, and fenestrations, which may not be visible in traditional radiographs.
While CBCT enhances the accuracy of tooth movement assessment, its routine use must be justified based on clinical indications, considering radiation exposure and cost factors. Future advancements in artificial intelligence-driven CBCT analysis may further improve treatment efficiency and outcome predictability in clear aligner therapy.
Keywords: Clear aligners, CBCT, tooth movement, orthodontics, digital treatment planning, root resorption, bone remodeling.