Solomon Oleg, Iulian Ghețiu, Erar Kamel
In this article, the genetic mechanisms involved in the occurrence of congenital edentulism are analyzed, a dental anomaly that results from the complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Genetic studies have identified several essential genes for tooth development, and mutations in these genes are associated with hypodontia, oligodontia, and subtotal edentulism. The study was conducted on a sample of 101 patients with congenital edentulism, selected from a total of 3,567 patients with various malocclusions. Among the most important genes involved are PAX9, MSX1, AXIN2, EDA, WNT10A, and BMP4, each playing a specific role in the development and differentiation of dental structures.
Keywords: congenital edentulism, genes, proteins, dental organ, genetic factors.